The piriformis muscle is in the buttocks, attaches to the pelvis and greater trochanter, and helps rotate the leg outward. The sciatic nerve is just beneath it. Occasionally the nerve is impinged beneath the piriformis muscle. When the muscle contracts, it pushes on the nerve, which causes the pain and its radiation down the leg.
Most patients we see will have a diagnosis of sciatica that may not be responding to conservative care. This may be a clue that the piriformis or other buttocks muscles are involved in triggering pain and numbness.
We rarely see true piriformis syndrome. Typically, the pain is at the enthesis of the piriformis or other buttocks muscles to the bone. Regenerative medicine injections may offer help in strengthening the bone to muscle attachment and alleviate pain and improve function.
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See also:
Research on piriformis syndrome and sciatic nerve entrapment